Although the field of pharmacogenetics has existed for decades, practioners have been slow
to implement pharmacogenetic testing in clinical care. Numerous publications describe the …

Warfarin is a widely used anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic index and large
interpatient variability in the dose required to achieve target anticoagulation. Common …

This document is an update to the 2011 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation
Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing …

Background The level of anticoagulation in response to a fixed-dose regimen of warfarin is
difficult to predict during the initiation of therapy. We prospectively compared the effect of …

Background The clinical utility of genotype-guided (pharmacogenetically based) dosing of
warfarin has been tested only in small clinical trials or observational studies, with equivocal …

CYP2C9 is the most abundant CYP2C subfamily enzyme in human liver and the most
important contributor from this subfamily to drug metabolism. Polymorphisms resulting in …

Individual susceptibility to environmental, chemical, and drug toxicity is to some extent
determined by polymorphism in drug-metabolizing enzymes, in particular the cytochromes …

Background—Warfarin is characterized by marked variations in individual dose
requirements and a narrow therapeutic window. Pharmacogenetics (PG) could improve …

Coumarin derivatives, such as warfarin, acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon are frequently
prescribed oral anticoagulants to treat and prevent thromboembolism. Because there is a …

Abstract The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1
(VKORC1) genotypes have been strongly and consistently associated with warfarin dose …