The inhibition of growth is a cardinal symptom of zinc deficiency. In animals fed a zinc-
inadequate diet, both food intake and growth are reduced within 4–5 d. Despite the …

I. Introduction THE insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their receptors and binding proteins
constitute a family of cellular modulators that play essential roles in the regulation of growth …

Recent studies have indicated an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and central
nervous system (CNS) insulin resistance. However'the cellular mechanisms underlying the …

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-I and IGF-II, comprise a conserved pair of secreted
proteins with diverse effects on growth, development, and metabolism. Insulin-like growth …

The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase, is
widely expressed across many cell types in foetal and postnatal tissues. Activation of the …

Evidence accumulated from clinical and basic research has indirectly implicated the insulin
receptor (IR) in brain cognitive functions, including learning and memory (Wickelgren …

This topically limited review explores the relationship between the immune system and
insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and the proteins through which they act …

IGF-IR-mediated signaling promotes survival, anchorage-independent growth, and
oncogenic transformation, as well as tumor growth and metastasis formation in vivo. NVP …

Fibroblast cell lines, designated R− and W cells, were generated, respectively, from mouse
embryos homozygous for a targeted disruption of the Igflr gene, encoding the type 1 insulin …

Dysregulation of pleiotropic growth factors, receptors and their downstream signaling
pathway components represent a central protumorigenic principle in human …