Extreme heat, drought and moisture excess are increasingly co-occurring within a single
growing season, impacting crop yields in global breadbasket regions. In this Review, we …

Climate change challenges efforts to maintain and improve crop production in many regions.
In this Review, we examine yield responses to warmer temperatures, elevated carbon …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Climate change has been partially mitigated by an increasing net land carbon sink in the
terrestrial biosphere; understanding the processes that drive this sink is thus essential for …

Drylands are an essential component of the Earth System and are among the most
vulnerable to climate change. In this Review, we synthesize observational and modelling …

Year-to-year changes in carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems have an essential role in
determining atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. It remains uncertain to what extent …

Vegetation fires are an essential component of the Earth system but can also cause
substantial economic losses, severe air pollution, human mortality and environmental …

Severe and persistent 21st-century drought in southwestern North America (SWNA)
motivates comparisons to medieval megadroughts and questions about the role of …

There is strong evidence that climate change will increase drought risk and severity, but
these conclusions depend on the regions, seasons, and drought metrics being considered …