Asthma is a common, disabling inflammatory respiratory disease that has increased in
frequency and severity in developed nations. We review studies of murine allergic airway …

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/protein kinase B
(PI3K/mTOR/Akt) signaling pathway is central to a plethora of cellular mechanisms in a wide …

Background Specific inflammatory pathways are indicated to contribute to severe asthma,
but their individual involvement in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness remains …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as a result of normal cellular metabolism,
mainly through the mitochondria and peroxisomes, but their release is enhanced by the …

In the past decade, the availability of genetically modified animals has enabled the
discovery of interesting roles for phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase‐γ (PI3Kγ) and‐δ (PI3Kδ) in …

Background Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is linked to the development of
asthma. Anti-malarial drug artesunate is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, the …

Background Asthma is an inflammatory condition characterized by airway
hyperresponsiveness and chronic inflammation. The resolution of inflammation is an …

Aberrant activation of CD4 TH 2 cells and excessive production of TH 2 cytokines such as IL-
4 and IL-13 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Generally, IL-4 …

Background Bitter-taste receptors (TAS2Rs) have recently been involved in the relaxation of
mouse and guinea pig airways, and increased expression of TAS2Rs was shown in blood …

Epithelial responses to the cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) cause airway obstruction in
asthma. Here we utilized multiple genomic techniques to identify IL-13-responsive …