The treatment of cancer with proton radiation therapy was first suggested in 1946 followed
by the first treatments in the 1950s. As of 2020, almost 200 000 patients have been treated …

Owing to the favorable physical and biological properties of swift ions in matter, their
application to radiation therapy for highly selective cancer treatment is rapidly spreading …

Compared to photon therapy, proton therapy allows a better conformation of the dose to the
tumor volume with reduced radiation dose to co-irradiated tissues. In vivo verification …

The sharp spatial and temporal dose gradients of pulsed ion beams result in an acoustic
emission (ionoacoustics), which can be used to reconstruct the dose distribution from …

Objective. Proton therapy is highly sensitive to range uncertainties due to the nature of the
dose deposition of charged particles. To ensure treatment quality, range verification …

In contrast to conventional X-ray therapy, proton beam therapy (PBT) can confine radiation
doses to tumours because of the presence of the Bragg peak. However, the precision of the …

Compton-based prompt gamma (PG) imaging is being investigated by several groups as a
potential solution for in vivo range monitoring in proton therapy. The performance of this …

An accurate knowledge of in vivo proton dose distribution is key to fully utilizing the potential
advantages of proton therapy. Two representative indirect methods for in vivo range …

Background Proton range uncertainty has been the main factor limiting the ability of proton
therapy to concentrate doses to tumors to their full potential. Ionoacoustic (IA) range …

Objective. Prompt gamma (PG) radiation generated from nuclear reactions between protons
and tissue nuclei can be employed for range verification in proton therapy. A typical clinical …