Importance Attrition of residents from general surgery training programs is relatively high;
however, there are wide discrepancies in the prevalence and causes of attrition reported …

Objective The benefits of diversity are particularly salient in neurosurgical training because
of treatment of varied patient populations and the importance of close collaboration between …

Importance The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a validated tool used to measure implicit
biases, which are mental associations shaped by one's environment that influence …

Objective In light of the predicted shortage of surgeons, attrition from surgical residency is a
significant problem. Prior data have shown that those who are happier are more productive …

METHODS Databases from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and
the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) from 1964 to 2013 were reviewed for …

OBJECT Women compose a minority of neurosurgery residents, averaging just over 10% of
matched applicants per year during this decade. A recent review by Lynch et al. raises the …

Importance Attrition in general surgery residency remains high, and attrition that occurs in
the later years is the most worrisome. Although several studies have retrospectively …

Objective To assess trends in gender, racial, and ethnic diversity of applicant pools and
subsequent resident cohorts in neurosurgical residency programs in the United States …

Objective Exposure to surgical subspecialties is limited during the preclinical years of
medical school. To offset this limitation, the authors created a neurosurgery elective for first …

OBJECTIVE In 2008, a Women in Neurosurgery Committee white paper called for increased
women applicants and decreased women's attrition in neurosurgery. However, contributing …