Abstract The Southern and Austral Volcanic Zones of the Andes comprise 74 volcanic
centres with known post-glacial activity. At least 21 of these have had one or more large …

The size and shape characterization of irregular particles is a key issue in many fields of
science, which is often associated with large uncertainties. We assess existing protocols and …

Long‐lasting, hybrid eruptions can be of complex description and classification, especially
when associated with multiple eruptive styles and multiple products. The 2021 Tajogaite …

Polar ice core records attest to a colossal volcanic eruption that took place ca. AD 1257 or
1258, most probably in the tropics. Estimates based on sulfate deposition in these records …

Eruption source parameters (ESPs) are crucial for characterising volcanic eruptions and are
essential inputs to numerical models used for hazard assessment. Key ESPs of explosive …

After 54 years since its last major eruption in 1961, Calbuco Volcano (Ensenada, Southern
Chile) reawakened with few hours of warning on 22 April 2015 at 18: 05 local time. The main …

Eruptive column models are powerful tools for investigating the transport of volcanic gas and
ash, reconstructing past explosive eruptions, and simulating future hazards. However, the …

The Weibull distribution between volume and square root of isopach area has been recently
introduced for determining volume of tephra deposits, which is crucial to the assessment of …

Tephra is a unique volcanic product with an unparalleled role in understanding past
eruptions, long-term behavior of volcanoes, and the effects of volcanism on climate and the …

To quantify the size of tephra, two practical challenges must be addressed: the wide range of
particle sizes (10− 8-10 1 m) and the diversity of particle shape, density and optical …