Abstract The Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE) is part of the scientific payload
of the Mars Atmosphere Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. Here we motivate the …

Measurement of the dense cold thermal plasma in planetary ionospheres via orbiting
spacecraft is challenging because ion energies are small (0–4 eV), densities can vary by …

The Martian ionosphere plays a crucial role in driving the interactions of the planet with solar
photons and solar wind particles. The variations of the dayside Martian ionosphere with …

Abstract Mars Express and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) observations
have demonstrated the influence of Mars's spatially variable crustal magnetic fields upon the …

Steep electron density depletions in the Martian ionosphere are important, especially
because they could be regions of significant plasma escape. Local electron density profiles …

Previous missions underlined the complex influence of the crustal magnetic fields on the
Martian environment, including the plasma boundaries. Their influence on the bow shock is …

Abstract We use Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN observations of the upstream
solar wind, and Mars Express observations of ionospheric electron densities and magnetic …

Conditions in the ionosphere of Mars vary from solar minimum to solar maximum due to
changes in the ionizing solar irradiance. Although changes in the main ionospheric layers …

The Martian ionopause boundary detected as steep gradients in the local electron density
profiles from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounder on Mars …

We study the ionopause of Mars using a database of 6,893 ionopause detections obtained
over 11 years by the MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere …