Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the
adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending …

Environmental enrichment (EE) is an environmental paradigm encompassing sensory,
cognitive, and physical stimulation at a heightened level. Previous studies have reported the …

Gut microorganisms and the products of their metabolism thoroughly affect host brain
development, function and behavior. Since alterations of brain plasticity and cognition have …

Background People exposed to prolonged chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) are
easy to suffer from depression and cognitive impairment. Environmental enrichment (EE) …

Introduction We have previously shown that Environmental Enrichment (EE), a multi-modal
psychosocial intervention consisting of increased social interaction, novelty, and open …

The transition from controlled drug use to drug addiction depends on an interaction between
a vulnerable individual, their environment and a drug. Here we tested the hypothesis that …

Cognitive decline is one of the greatest health threats of old age and the maintenance of
optimal brain function across a lifespan remains a big challenge. The hippocampus is …

The brain is able to change its structure and function in response to environmental
stimulations. Several human and animal studies have documented that enhanced …

Psycho-environmental stress-based animal models of anxiety and depression are useful for
investigating pathological mechanisms and drug development. Although several rodent …

Neural plasticity can be defined as the ability of neural circuits to be shaped by external and
internal factors. It provides the brain with a capacity for functional and morphological …