It has been claimed that bilingual experience leads to an enhancement of cognitive control
across the lifespan, a claim that has been investigated by comparing monolingual and …

Bilingual people are often claimed to have an advantage over monolingual people in
cognitive processing owing to their ability to learn and use two languages. This advantage is …

Because of enduring experience of managing two languages, bilinguals have been argued
to develop superior executive functioning compared with monolinguals. Despite extensive …

According to some estimates, more than half of the world's population is multilingual to some
extent. Because of the centrality of language use to human experience and the deep …

Recently, doubts were raised about the existence of the bilingual advantage in cognitive
control. The aim of the present review was to investigate the bilingual advantage and its …

Several researchers have suggested that learning and using a second language requires
domain-general executive functions, and many have shown that bilinguals outperform …

The standard explanation for bilingual effects on cognition is that an aspect of language
processing transfers to nonverbal cognitive performance, leading to improvements in …

A methodological problem in most reaction time (RT) tasks is that some measured RTs may
be outliers, being either too fast or too slow to reflect the task-related processing of interest …

The bilingual advantage hypothesis contends that the management of two languages in the
brain is carried out through domain‐general mechanisms, and that bilinguals possess a …

When used with positively skewed reaction time distributions, sample medians tend to over-
estimate population medians. The extent of overestimation is related directly to the amount …