Alpha microprocessors have been performance leaders since their introduction in 1992. The
first generation 21064 and the later 21164 raised expectations for the newest generation …

For maximum performance, an out-of-order processor must issue load instructions as early
as possible, while avoiding memory-order violations with prior store instructions that write to …

Profile data is valuable for identifying performance bottlenecks and guiding optimizations.
Periodic sampling of a processor's performance monitoring hardware is an effective …

Large instruction window processors achieve high performance by exposing large amounts
of instruction level parallelism. However, accessing large hardware structures typically …

The 21264 is the third generation Alpha microprocessor from Compaq Computer (formerly
Digital Equipment) Corporation. This microprocessor achieves the industry-leading …

An implementation of an out-of-order processing unit based on Tomasulo's algorithm is
formally verified using compositional model checking techniques. This demonstrates that …

Due to cost, time, and flexibility constraints, simulators are often used to explore the design
space when developing new processor architectures, as well as when evaluating the …

Register renaming is a technique to remove false data dependencie-write after read (WAR)
and write after write (WAW)-that occur in straight line code between register operands of …

There is arguably no field in greater need of a comprehensive handbook than computer
engineering. The unparalleled rate of technological advancement, the explosion of …

Heterogeneous multicore systems have gained momentum, specially for embedded
applications, thanks to the performance and energy consumption trade-offs provided by …