In a society where physical activity is limited and food supply is abundant, metabolic
diseases are becoming a serious epidemic. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex under the hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal axis control, one of the major neuro-endocrine systems of the organism …

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells.
Several observations have renewed the interest in β-cell RNA sensors and editors. Here, we …

The pancreas is made from two distinct components: the exocrine pancreas, a reservoir of
digestive enzymes, and the endocrine islets, the source of the vital metabolic hormone …

The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms,
IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and …

The nature of obesity-associated islet inflammation and its impact on β cell abnormalities
remains poorly defined. Here, we explore immune cell components of islet inflammation and …

The regulation of islet cell biology is critical for glucose homeostasis. N 6-methyladenosine
(m6A) is the most abundant internal messenger RNA (mRNA) modification in mammals …

Diabetes is the result of having inadequate supply of functional insulin-producing β cells.
Two possible approaches for replenishing the β cells are:(1) replacement by transplanting …

Restoring functional β-cell mass is an important therapeutic goal for both type 1 and type 2
diabetes. While proliferation of existing β-cells is the primary means of β-cell replacement in …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …