This paper reviews a clean metals, production technology that utilizes an oxygen-ion-
conducting solid oxide membrane (SOM) to directly electrolyze metal oxides dissolved in a …

Energy carriers are required to store and transport clean, renewable energy. Currently, most
scientific efforts are invested in batteries and hydrogen despite several drawbacks, such as …

The titanium silicide intermetallics have been directly prepared from the mixture of titanium
oxide (TiO2) and silicon oxide (SiO2) powder by using the solid-oxygen-ion-conducting …

Titanium silicide (Ti5Si3) has been extracted directly from complex Ti-bearing compounds
by electro-deoxidation. A pressed cylindrical pellet of the multi-component compounds acted …

Electrochemical reduction of solid Ta2O5 to Ta metal in molten CaCl2 at 1123 K has been
studied by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic electrolysis, together with spectroscopic …

Diagrams showing equilibrium potentials (relative to the standard chlorine electrode) plotted
vs the negative logarithms of oxide-ion activity have been constructed for titanium species …

The direct electrochemical extraction of Ti-Fe alloys from natural ilmenite (FeTiO 3) in molten
CaCl 2 is reported in this article. The sintered porous pellet of natural ilmenite acted as the …

Sintered (300 C) porous pellets of Fe 2 O 3 were electrolyzed to Fe in molten CaCl 2 (800-
900 C) under argon at 1.8-3.2 V for 2-20 h. The laboratory scale experiments show that it …

The hot corrosion behaviour of YSZ specimens sintered at 1500° C (6 and 11 h) and 1600°
C (11 h) was evaluated in CaCl 2-CaF 2-CaO molten salt at 1150° C. YSZ sintered at 1600° …

Although steel production by molten oxide electrolysis offers potential economic and
environmental advantages over classic extractive metallurgy, its feasibility is far from being …