Hypoxia, low oxygen (O2) level, is a hallmark of solid cancers, especially hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Hypoxia …

While intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) occupies a key position in the bioenergetic
metabolism of all the cellular compartments that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Extracellular nucleotides (eg, ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP) released by inflammatory cells interact
with specific purinergic P2 type receptors to modulate their recruitment and activation. The …

Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for
the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a debilitating and life-limiting lung condition in which the damage-
response mechanisms of mixed-population cells within the lungs go awry. The tissue …

Glycolysis is a highly conserved metabolic pathway responsible for the anaerobic
production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the breakdown of glucose molecules …

Stroke is a main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the increasing
development of innovative treatments for stroke, most are unsuccessful in clinical trials. In …

ATP is not only an energy carrier but also serves as an important signalling molecule in
many physiological processes. Abnormal ATP level in blood vessel is known to be related to …

Vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) is the last identified member of the SLC17 organic
anion transporter family, which plays a central role in vesicular storage in ATP-secreting …

Objective Atherosclerosis is a focal disease occurring at arterial sites of disturbed blood flow
that generates low oscillating shear stress. Endothelial inflammatory signalling is enhanced …