Toner formulations used by laser printers (LP) and photocopiers (PC), collectively called
“toner-based printing equipment”(TPE), are nano-enabled products (NEP) because they …

Many studies have shown that the use of laser printing devices (LPDs) contributes to the
release of particles into the indoor environment. However, after more than two decades of …

Photocopiers emit large quantities of nanoparticles (NPs); however, their toxicological
properties have not been studied. Here we investigate for the first time early human …

Purpose Various publications indicate that the operation of laser printers and photocopiers
may be associated with health effects due to the release of gaseous components and fine …

Several reports link printing and photocopying with genotoxicity, immunologic and
respiratory diseases. Photocopiers and printers emit nanoparticles, which may be involved …

Background We assessed indoor air quality in photocopier centers and investigated whether
occupational exposure to emissions from photocopiers is associated with decline in lung …

Photocopiers emit high levels of nanoparticles (PM 0.1). To-date little is known of
physicochemical composition of PM 0.1 in real workplace settings. Here we perform a …

Background Photocopiers emit nanoparticles with complex chemical composition. Short-
term exposures to modest nanoparticle concentrations triggered upper airway inflammation …

Context: Printers and photocopiers release respirable particles into the air. Engineered
nanomaterials (ENMs) have been recently incorporated into toner formulations but their …

Until now, the adverse effects of toner powders on humans have been considered to be
minimal. However, several recent reports have suggested possible significant adverse …