The blood vessels vascularizing the central nervous system exhibit a series of distinct
properties that tightly control the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood …

Pyroptosis ('fiery death') is an inflammatory type of regulated cell death (RCD), which occurs
downstream of inflammasome activation. Pyroptosis is mediated directly by the recently …

The role of microglia in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains poorly understood and is often
confused with the response of macrophages. Here, we use specific transgenic mouse lines …

The choroid plexus (ChP) in each brain ventricle produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and
forms the blood-CSF barrier. Here, we construct a single-cell and spatial atlas of each ChP …

As resident macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critical immune effectors of inflammatory
lesions and associated neural dysfunctions. In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal …

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was first described as a
growth factor that induces the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitors in the …

The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common chronic inflammatory,
demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) …

Pathogenic lymphocytes initiate the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. The
cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)(encoded by Csf2) is a …

The cytokine, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was firstly
identified as being able to induce in vitro the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow …

The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) is crucially involved in the pathogenesis of
multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis …