T cell help to B cells is a fundamental aspect of adaptive immunity and the generation of
immunological memory. Follicular helper CD4 T (TFH) cells are the specialized providers of …

Although T cell help for B cells was described several decades ago, it was the identification
of CXCR5 expression by B follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and the subsequent discovery of …

Summary Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by B cells lacking IgD and
CD27 (double negative; DN). We show that DN cell expansions reflected a subset of CXCR5 …

Lung-resident memory B cells (BRM cells) are elicited after influenza infections of mice, but
connections to other pathogens and hosts—as well as their functional significance—have …

CD40 is a cell surface receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor‐R (TNF‐R) family,
and that was first identified and functionally characterized on B lymphocytes. Its critical role …

Members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family induce pleiotropic biological responses,
including cell growth, differentiation, and even death. Here we describe a novel member of …

Considerable progress has been made in identifying the transcription factors involved in the
early specification of the B-lymphocyte lineage. However, little is known about factors that …

Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate and control immune responses. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs)
represent a unique DC subset able to promptly release large amounts of type I interferon …

Over the past several years, studies on normal and malignant B cells have provided new
insights into the unique physiology of the germinal centre (GC). In particular, advances in …

Immunoglobulin (Ig) class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) is thought to be highly
dependent upon engagement of CD40 on B cells by CD40 ligand on T cells. We show here …