Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) has been widely used for tissue engineering
applications and is becoming increasingly versatile as it can take many forms, including …

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a natural anionic mucopolysaccharide, belonging to the
glycosaminoglycan family, acts as the primary element of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of …

Exosome therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for intervertebral disc degeneration
(IVDD) and achieves its therapeutic effects by regulating metabolic disorders, the …

Chronic low back pain is the number one cause of years lived with disability. In about 40% of
patients, chronic lower back pain is related to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The …

Nucleus pulposus (NP) degeneration is usually the origin of intervertebral disc degeneration
and consequent lower back pain. Although adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-based …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause of low back pain and most spinal
disorders. As IVD degeneration is a major obstacle to the healthy life of so many individuals …

As the population ages, spinal degeneration seriously affects quality of life in middle-aged
and elderly patients, and prevention and treatment remain challenging for clinical surgeons …

The recent convergence of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) methodologies and
3D bioprinting (3DBP) has led to multiple advancements in tissue engineering scaffold …

Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is a progressive cascade of cellular, compositional
and structural changes that is frequently associated with low back pain. As the first signs of …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a prevalent musculoskeletal degenerative disorder
worldwide, and~ 40% of chronic low back pain cases are associated with IDD. Although the …