In natural photosynthesis, photosynthetic organisms such as green plants realize efficient
solar energy conversion and storage by integrating photosynthetic components on the …

Chloroplasts overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under unfavorable environmental
conditions, and these ROS are implicated in both signaling and oxidative damage. There is …

Photosynthetic water oxidation by Photosystem II (PSII) is a fascinating process because it
sustains life on Earth and serves as a blue print for scalable synthetic catalysts required for …

We review the mechanism underlying nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence
quenching (NPQ) and its role in protecting plants against photoinhibition. This review …

Plants as sessile organisms are continuously exposed to abiotic stress conditions that
impose numerous detrimental effects and cause tremendous loss of yield. Abiotic stresses …

Oxygen is a natural acceptor of electrons in the respiratory pathway of aerobic organisms
and in many other biochemical reactions. Aerobic metabolism is always associated with the …

The aim of this educational review is to provide practical information on the hardware,
methodology, and the hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence technology …

Oxygen, which supports all aerobic life, is produced by photosynthetic water oxidation in
plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The water-oxidation reaction probably first appeared in …

Oxygenic photosynthesis is the primary solar energy-conversion process that supports much
of life on Earth. It is initiated by photosystem II (PSII), an enzyme that extracts electrons from …

Biological water oxidation, performed by a single enzyme, photosystem II, is a central
research topic not only in understanding the photosynthetic apparatus but also for the …