Antiseizure drugs (ASDs) prevent the occurrence of seizures; there is no evidence that they
have disease-modifying properties. In the more than 160 years that orally administered …

More than 1 out of 10 women worldwide are diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS), the leading cause of female reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Despite its …

Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social
communication and interaction and by repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities …

After more than a century from its discovery, valproic acid (VPA) still represents one of the
most efficient antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Pre and post-synaptic effects of VPA depend on a …

It has been nearly 30 years since Dr. David Barker first highlighted the importance of
prenatal factors in contributing to the developmental origins of adult disease. This concept …

Microglia and astrocytes maintain tissue homeostasis in the nervous system. Both microglia
and astrocytes have pro-inflammatory phenotype and anti-inflammatory phenotype …

Valproic acid (VPA) is both an anti-convulsant and a mood stabilizer. Clinical studies over
the past 40years have shown that exposure to VPA in utero is associated with birth defects …

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play important roles in transcriptional regulation and
pathogenesis of cancer. Thus, HDAC inhibitors are candidate drugs for differentiation …

Cortical excitability reflects a balance between excitation and inhibition. Glutamate is the
main excitatory and GABA the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian cortex …

The functional network of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons is a
potentially powerful in vitro model for evaluating disease mechanisms and drug responses …