Organisms of all domains of life use photoreceptor proteins to sense and respond to light.
The light-sensitivity of photoreceptor proteins arises from bound chromophores such as …

BACKGROUND Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are naturally occurring light-gated ion channels
that are important for allowing motile algal cells to find suitable light levels. In neuroscience …

Light-gated rhodopsin cation channels from chlorophyte algae have transformed
neuroscience research through their use as membrane-depolarizing optogenetic tools for …

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated cation channels derived from algae that have
shown experimental utility in optogenetics; for example, neurons expressing ChRs can be …

The field of optogenetics uses channelrhodopsins (ChRs) for light-induced neuronal
activation. However, optimized tools for cellular inhibition at moderate light levels are …

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are directly light-gated ion channels that function as sensory
photoreceptors in flagellated green algae, allowing these algae to identify optimal light …

The new and vibrant field of optogenetics was founded by the seminal discovery of
channelrhodopsin, the first light-gated cation channel. Despite the numerous applications …

Although channelrhodopsin (ChR) is a widely applied light-activated ion channel, important
properties such as light adaptation, photocurrent inactivation, and alteration of the ion …

Rhodopsin photosensors of phototactic algae act as light-gated cation channels when
expressed in animal cells. These proteins (channelrhodopsins) are extensively used for …

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light‐gated ion channels that are widely used in
optogenetics. They allow precise control of neuronal activity with light, but a detailed …