Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly associated with heart failure. A bidirectional relationship
exists between the two—AF exacerbates heart failure causing a significant increase in heart …

Ectopic activity in the pulmonary vein cardiac muscle sleeves can both induce and maintain
human atrial fibrillation. A central issue in any study of the pulmonary veins is their difference …

Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) is a Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger shown to modulate
atrial muscle contraction and is thought to contribute to atrial fibrillation. Cellular pathways …

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with calcium (Ca2+) handling remodeling
and increased spontaneous calcium release events (SCaEs). Nevertheless, its exact …

Mechanisms underlying ectopic activity in the pulmonary vein (PV) which triggers
paroxysmal atrial fibrillation are unknown. Although several studies have suggested that …

The automaticity of the pulmonary vein myocardium is known to be the major cause of atrial
fibrillation. We examined the involvement of angiotensin II in the automatic activity of isolated …

An atrial tachyarrhythmias is predominantly triggered by a proarrhythmic activity originate
from the pulmonary veins (PV) myocardial sleeves; sympathetic or adrenergic stimulation …

The pulmonary vein, which returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium, is ensheathed by a
population of unique, myocyte-like cells called pulmonary vein sleeve cells (PVCs). These …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. AF is thought to be triggered by
ectopic beats, originating primarily in the myocardial sleeves surrounding the pulmonary …

The pulmonary veins have an external sleeve of cardiomyocytes that are a widely
recognised source of ectopic electrical activity that can lead to atrial fibrillation. Although the …