Animals have sophisticated mechanisms for coping with danger. Freezing is a unique state
that, upon threat detection, allows evidence to be gathered, response possibilities to be …

Background Childhood maltreatment is a potent predictor of poor mental health across the
life span. We argue that there is a need to improve the understanding of the mechanisms …

“A rigorous, in-depth guide to the history, philosophy, and scientific exploration of this
widespread emotional state...[LeDoux] offers a magisterial review of the role of mind and …

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of powerful new tools for assaying the brain
and a remarkable acceleration of research focused on the interplay of emotion and …

Statistical regularities in the causal structure of the environment enable us to predict the
probable outcomes of our actions. Environments differ in the extent to which action-outcome …

Anxiety disorders constitute a sizeable worldwide health burden with profound social and
economic consequences. The symptoms are wide-ranging; from hyperarousal to difficulties …

In everyday life, the outcomes of our actions are rarely certain. Further, we often lack the
information needed to precisely estimate the probability and value of potential outcomes as …

Although the prevalent view of emotion and decision making is derived from the notion that
there are dual systems of emotion and reason, a modulatory relationship more accurately …

Anxiety often is studied as a stand-alone construct in laboratory models. But in the context of
coping with real-life anxiety, its negative impacts extend beyond aversive feelings and …

Background Shared decision-making (SDM) is a process that respects the rights of patients
to be fully involved in decisions about their care. By evaluating all available healthcare …