The continuous depletion of natural resources used in concrete require vital replacement
materials to reduce the consumptions of the natural resources. Moreover, the growth in the …

Solid waste management is one of the most important environmental issues worldwide,
particularly in MENA countries. The present study was carried out in the city of Algiers, the …

Municipal solid waste generation is an important parameter in waste management with
significant impacts on environment. There are many components directly influencing solid …

The concrete structures deterioration in the last few decades required effective methods for
evaluating and maintaining the structure condition. Currently, assessing the performance …

Water is vital to the survival of humans and all other life forms, yet many sources of
freshwater are being contaminated due to pollution, significantly limiting freshwater …

Preserving natural resources and implementing the concepts of sustainable engineering to
approach the zero waste concept helped in reducing the detrimental environmental effects …

Cement is amongst the most polluting materials utilized in the building sector, contributing to
a variety of hazardous pollutants, including greenhouse gas emissions. This raises health …

Cement mortar is a binding material that is made of cement, sand and water. In general,
mixes of mortar are made of raw materials. However, using raw materials in producing …

The use of coagulants that are derived from natural material has significantly increased over
the last decades due to the safety and cost-effectiveness use of such coagulants. Therefore …

A modest quantity of fluoride can increase the mineralization of teeth and reduce their
cavities. But the presomerence of fluoride in excess in water can lead to severe disease …