Visual representations play a critical role in enhancing science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics (STEM) learning. Educational psychology research shows that adding …

Students' misconceptions before or after formal instruction have become a major concern
among researchers in science education because they influence how students learn new …

Page 1 Chemical misconceptions - prevention, diagnosis and cure Volume I: theoretical
background This resource includes information about some of the key misconceptions that have …

The types of misconceptions related to electronegativity, bonding, geometry, and
microscopic representations that undergraduate chemistry majors hold is described. Fifty-six …

This paper sets out to consider how educational research into the learning of structural
aspects of chemistry might inform teaching practice. The paper is based around a review of …

We describe efforts toward the development of a hypothetical learning progression (HLP) for
the growth of grade 7–14 students' models of the structure, behavior and properties of …

SAGE has been part of the global academic community since 1965, supporting high quality
research and learning that transforms society and our understanding of individuals, groups …

Secondary school, undergraduate, and graduate level learners' mental models of bonding in
ionic substances were explored using an interview protocol that involved the use of physical …

The frequently encountered problems of students being unable to utilize schoollearned
science in different contexts, and of students forgetting what they have learned in a short …

Problems students encounter with understanding the abstract concept of chemical bonding,
as revealed in previous research, are outlined. The development of a two-tier multiple …