Consistent gathering of immunotoxic substances on earth is a serious global issue affecting
people under pathogenic stress. Organophosphates are among such hazardous …

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most toxic pesticides in aquatic ecosystem, but its toxicity
mechanisms to fish are still not fully understood. This study examined the toxicity targets of …

Organophosphates (OPs) are most widely used pesticides and primarily induce toxicity by
inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nerve terminals of central and peripheral …

Previous studies indicate that pesticide use may play an important role in the occurrence
and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, little is known about the effect of …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are reticular structures formed by myeloperoxidase
(MPO), histones, and neutrophil elastase (NE) that are released from neutrophils in …

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of chlorpyrifos on biomarkers related to
neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity in two allopatric freshwater gastropod species belonging to …

The immune response is the first defense against pathogens; however, it is very sensitive
and can be impacted on by agrochemicals such as carbamate and organophosphate …

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate pesticide that can inhibit endocannabinoid (eCB)
metabolizing enzymes in animal models at levels that do not significantly alter …

Cadmium (Cd) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are common pollutants coexisting in the environment,
and both of them have been reported to have immunotoxicity to organisms. However, the …

In human studies, it is well established that exposures during embryonic and fetal
development periods can influence immune health. Coupled with genetic predisposition …