Although the discovery of the critical role of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the pathogenesis of
Parkinson's disease (PD) is now twenty-five years old, it still represents a milestone in PD …

Parkinson's disease belongs to a group of currently incurable neurodegenerative disorders
characterized by the misfolding and accumulation of alpha‐synuclein aggregates that are …

Amphetamine-related drugs, such as 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and
methamphetamine (METH), are popular recreational psychostimulants. Several preclinical …

In Parkinson's disease, the progressive neurodegeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic
neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is associated with classic motor …

Despite decades of research, current therapeutic interventions for Parkinson's disease (PD)
are insufficient as they fail to modify disease progression by ameliorating the underlying …

Although trace levels of phosphorylated α-synuclein (α-syn) are detectable in normal brains,
nearly all α-syn accumulated within Lewy bodies in Parkinson disease brains is …

Background α-Synuclein is a presynaptic protein abundant in the cytoplasmic compartment
of neurons, whereas its presence in the extracellular space has also been observed under …

GBA gene variants were the first genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease. GBA encodes
the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA), which is involved in sphingolipid …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is not only characterized by motor disturbances but also, by
cognitive, sensory, psychiatric and autonomic dysfunction. It has been proposed that some …

The prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease is characterized by aggregation of the
misfolded pathogenic protein α-synuclein in select neural centres, co-occurring with non …