Calcium ions generate versatile intracellular signals that control key functions in all types of
neurons. Imaging calcium in neurons is particularly important because calcium signals exert …

Most neuronal communication relies upon the synchronous release of neurotransmitters,
which occurs through synaptic vesicle exocytosis triggered by action potential invasion of a …

Vesicle exocytosis releases content to mediate many biological events, including synaptic
transmission essential for brain functions. Following exocytosis, endocytosis is initiated to …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional signaling organelle that controls a wide
range of cellular processes such as the entry and release of Ca2+, sterol biosynthesis …

The calcium ion (Ca2+) is the simplest and most versatile intracellular messenger known.
The discovery of Ca2+ sparks and a related family of elementary Ca2+ signaling events has …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest single intracellular organelle, which is present
in all types of nerve cells. The ER is an interconnected, internally continuous system of …

Neurotransmitters are released continuously at ribbon synapses in the retina and cochlea.
Notably, a single ribbon synapse of inner hair cells provides the entire input to each …

Ca2+ triggers many forms of exocytosis in different types of eukaryotic cells, for example
synaptic vesicle exocytosis in neurons, granule exocytosis in mast cells, and hormone …

Beyond their role in generating ATP, mitochondria have a high capacity to sequester
calcium. The interdependence of these functions and limited access to presynaptic …

Synaptic vesicle fusion in brain synapses occurs in phases that are either tightly coupled to
action potentials (synchronous), immediately following action potentials (asynchronous), or …