Abstract Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important
bacterial pathogens that causes infection with a high mortality rate due to resistance to …

Bacteriophages (BPs) are viruses that can infect and kill bacteria without any negative effect
on human or animal cells. For this reason, it is supposed that they can be used, alone or in …

Biofilm describes a microbially-derived sessile community in which microbial cells are firmly
attached to the substratum and embedded in extracellular polymeric matrix. Microbial …

Against a backdrop of global antibiotic resistance and increasing awareness of the
importance of the human microbiota, there has been resurgent interest in the potential use of …

Formation of biofilm is a survival strategy for bacteria and fungi to adapt to their living
environment, especially in the hostile environment. Under the protection of biofilm, microbial …

In contrast to planktonic cells, bacteria imbedded biofilms are notoriously refractory to
treatment by antibiotics or bacteriophage (phage) used alone. Given that the mechanisms of …

Viruses of bacteria, known as bacteriophages or phages, were discovered nearly 100 years
ago. Their potential as antibacterial agents was appreciated almost immediately, with the …

Biofilm formation of microorganisms causes persistent tissue and foreign body infections
resistant to treatment with antimicrobial agents. Up to 80% of human bacterial infections are …

The seemingly inexorable spread of antibiotic resistance genes among microbial pathogens
now threatens the long-term viability of our current antimicrobial therapy to treat severe …

Highlights•Interaction of phages and biofilm cells depends on phage-host characteristics
and biofilm structure.•Biofilm features (eg matrix, cell metabolic state, resistant variants) …