The history of the Indonesian constitution has implemented Parliamentary and Presidential
systems at different times. However, in practice it creates ambiguity in system …

Artificial intelligence (AI) presents significant opportunities and challenges, particularly
balancing innovation with protecting privacy and human rights. The increasing integration of …

Corruption crimes in Indonesia are on the rise, particularly through illicit enrichment where
individuals accumulate wealth outside of legitimate income. Although Indonesia has ratified …

Abstract Indonesia's Election Management Bodies (EMBs), constitutionally mandated to
manage legislative and presidential elections, face substantial risks, including accidents and …

The current criminal code has been in force in Indonesia since 1918. Indonesia formulated
criminal law reform in 1963 and in 2023, a law on the national criminal code was issued …

Abstract Indonesia's Constitutional Court introduced the concept of meaningful participation
in the lawmaking process, emphasizing the right to be heard, considered, and explained …

This paper comprehensively analyzes the challenges and prospects for achieving a
sustainable green economy in Indonesia's energy sector, where fossil fuels dominate …

The article aimed to analyze the comparison of electoral systems in Indonesia and Malaysia
due to relevant differences and similarities. In Malaysia, the legislative election system was …

Smuggling poses a threat both to individuals and to national security. The problem of
smuggling is complicated by the constant transformation of criminal schemes, thereby urging …