Lyme disease Borrelia are obligately parasitic, tick-transmitted, invasive, persistent bacterial
pathogens that cause disease in humans and non-reservoir vertebrates primarily through …

The evolutionary ecology of many emerging infectious diseases, particularly vector-borne
zoonoses, is poorly understood. Here, we aim to develop a biological, process-based …

The analysis of different multi-host systems suggests that even hosts that are not capable of
transmitting Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl.) to the tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, or that are …

Vector-borne illnesses comprise a significant portion of human maladies, representing 17%
of global infections. Transmission of vector-borne pathogens to mammals primarily occurs …

The complement system is an ancient arm of the innate immune system that plays important
roles in pathogen recognition and elimination. Upon activation by microbes, complement …

Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, exploits an array of strategies to
establish infection and to overcome host innate and adaptive immune responses. One key …

Borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiological agent of Lyme disease, employs sophisticated means
to survive in diverse mammalian hosts. Recent studies demonstrated that acquisition of …

Overcoming the first line of the innate immune system is a general hallmark of pathogenic
microbes to avoid recognition and to enter the human host. In particular, spirochetes …

Lyme disease (LD), which is caused by genospecies of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
complex, is the most common vector-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere …

Borrelia burgdorferi, the tick-transmitted etiologic agent of Lyme borreliosis, can colonize
and persist in multiple tissue sites despite vigorous host immune responses. The …