Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a chronic widespread pain syndrome characterised by
fatigue, sleep disturbances and many idiopathic pain symptoms. The aim of this review is to …

Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used for many types of malignancies.
However, when paclitaxel is used to treat tumors, patients commonly experience severe …

Numerous studies have reported that circulating cytokines (CCs) are linked to age-related
neurodegenerative diseases (ANDDs); however, there is a lack of systematic investigation …

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex chronic pain condition. Its symptoms are nonspecific, and to
date, no objective test exists to confirm FM diagnosis. Potential objective measures include …

Routine physical activity reduces the onset of pain and exercise is a first line treatment for
individuals who develop chronic pain. In both preclinical and clinical research regular …

Understanding the interactions between diet, obesity, and diabetes is important to tease out
mechanisms in painful pathology. Western diet is rich in fats, producing high amounts of …

Nociplastic pain is the third classification of pain as described by the International
Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), in addition to the neuropathic and nociceptive pain …

Expression of CD163, a scavenger receptor specifically expressed by monocytes and
macrophages, is elevated in the synovial tissue of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) …

Over 120 million Americans report experiencing pain in the past 3 months. Among these
individuals, 50 million report chronic pain and 17 million report pain that limits daily life or …

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder primarily diagnosed in women.
Historically, clinical literature focusing on cytokines and immune cells has been inconsistent …