In vivo imaging technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for both fundamental
research and clinical practice. In particular, luminescence imaging in the tissue-transparent …

Lanthanide-doped nanoconstructs (LDNCs) have been widely studied in the biomedical
field. Especially, LDNCs with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence show great promise in …

Tumor hypoxia is typically presented in the central region of solid tumors, which is mainly
caused by an inadequate blood flow and oxygen supply. In the conventional treatment of …

Lanthanide (Ln3+)-based nanoparticles (NPs) with light emission in the ultraviolet (UV),
visible, and near-infrared (NIR) region under NIR excitation are emerging multifunctional …

Rare earth based nanostructures constitute a type of functional materials widely used and
studied in the recent literature. The purpose of this review is to provide a general and …

Peptide sequences are known to recognize and bind different nanomaterial surfaces, which
has resulted in the screening and identification of hundreds of peptides with the ability to …

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) show attractive anti-Stokes characteristics converting
lower-energy photons into higher-energy emissions. The excellent biocompatibility and …

Upconversion luminescence is an optical process that emits high-energy photons by
absorbing two or more low-energy photons, which is caused by anti-Stokes luminescence …

Near infrared (NIR)-excitable and NIR-emitting probes have fuelled advances in biomedical
applications owing to their power in enabling deep tissue imaging, offering high image …

The rapid development of biomedicine in recent decades has benefited from optical imaging
with high temporal and spatial resolution. In particular, lanthanide nanoparticles (LnNPs) are …