Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been categorized as evolving in
overlapping phases. First, there is a viral phase that may well be asymptomatic or mild in the …

Females and males differ in the energy consumption and nutritional requirements which are
based on the interactions between environmental factors and sex hormones (1). The studies …

Background Long COVID is defined as the persistence of symptoms beyond 3 months after
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To better …

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by an exaggerated immune response leading to
damage and dysfunction of specific or multiple organs and tissues. Most autoimmune …

BACKGROUND Despite an estimated prevalence of 10% in women, the etiology of
endometriosis remains poorly understood. Over recent decades, endometriosis has been …

Human genomes are 99.9 percent identical—with one prominent exception. Instead of a
matching pair of X chromosomes, men carry a single X, coupled with a tiny chromosome …

Over the last decades, a central role for vitamin D in immune modulation has been well
established. The active form of vitamin D, ie, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, through the …

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory liver disease characterized by
hypergammaglobulinemia, the presence of autoantibodies, and inflammation within the …

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of two
known antibodies–rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)–against …

Background The cumulative risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Sweden by age 80
years has increased to 1.1 in women and 1.6% in men in 2011. Increased risk of NHL …