A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial
role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review …

Thwaites Glacier represents 15% of the ice discharge from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and
influences a wider catchment,–. Because it is grounded below sea level,, Thwaites Glacier is …

Thwaites Glacier is one of the fastest-changing ice–ocean systems in Antarctica 1, 2, 3.
Much of the ice sheet within the catchment of Thwaites Glacier is grounded below sea level …

The present-day state and future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet depend on the rate at which the
ocean melts its fringing ice shelves. Ocean heat must cross many physical and dynamical …

Abstract The Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing mass as a result of increased ocean-driven melting
of its fringing ice shelves. Efforts to represent the effects of basal melting in sea level …

Sea ice is crucial in many natural processes and human activities. Understanding the
dynamical couplings between the inception, growth and equilibrium of sea ice and the rich …

Antarctic ice shelves are losing mass at increasing rates, yet the ice‐ocean interactions that
cause significant ice loss are not well understood. A new approach of high‐resolution phase …

Increasing melt of ice sheets at their floating or vertical interfaces with the ocean is a major
driver of marine ice sheet retreat and sea level rise. However, the extent to which warm, salty …

Knowledge gaps about how the ocean melts Antarctica's ice shelves, borne from a lack of
observations, lead to large uncertainties in sea level predictions. Using high-resolution …

Basal melting of marine‐terminating glaciers, through its impact on the forces that control the
flow of the glaciers, is one of the major factors determining sea level rise in a world of global …