2, 5-Diketopiperazines (2, 5-DKPs) are cyclodipeptides obtained by the condensation of two
α-amino acids. They not only abound in nature but are often produced as degradation …

Since early 2008, an increasing number of countries have ratified an international treaty to
ban the application of antifouling (AF) coatings based on organotin compounds (eg …

Any natural or artificial substratum exposed to seawater is quickly fouled by marine
microorganisms and later by macrofouling species. Microfouling organisms on the surface of …

In the marine environment, biofilms on submerged surfaces can promote or discourage the
settlement of invertebrate larvae and macroalgal spores. The settlement-mediating effects of …

Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is a cell–cell communication and gene regulatory
mechanism that allows bacteria to coordinate swarming, biofilm formation, stress resistance …

Deep sea is a unique and extreme environment. It is a hot spot for hunting marine
actinomycetes resources and secondary metabolites. The novel deep sea actinomycete …

Covering: 2004 to June 2010 In this review, antifouling metabolites of marine bacteria and
fungi, seaweeds, aquatic plants, and marine invertebrates are described. Also included are …

Following the ban in 2003 on the use of tributyl-tin compounds in antifouling coatings, the
search for an environmentally-friendly alternative has accelerated. Biocidal TBT alternatives …

The swimming larvae of many marine animals identify a location on the seafloor to settle and
undergo metamorphosis based on the presence of specific surface-bound bacteria. While …

Covering: up to early 2008 In order to survive extremes of pH, temperature, salinity and
pressure, organisms have been found to develop unique defences against their …