This paper examines how different aspects of teacher quality affect students' long-run
educational trajectories. We estimate teachers' test-based and nontest value-added (the …

Most states responded to the onset of the pandemic by granting temporary licenses that
allowed teachers to work in classrooms without first passing the typical licensure exams. In …

While decades of research document inequity in the distribution of teachers across schools,
few studies consider the distribution of teacher vacancies and other school hiring needs. We …

Does relaxing strict school discipline improve student achievement, or lead to classroom
disorder? We study a 2012 reform in New York City public middle schools that eliminated …

The authors use data on high school students and teachers from Washington state to
connect the observable characteristics and preparation of career and technical education …

We estimate the effects of federal pandemic-relief funding (ESSER III) for K12 schools on
district-level student achievement growth in 2023. We rely on student test achievement data …

Departmentalized instruction, in which teachers specialize in one or more core subjects and
instruct multiple groups of students in a day, has become increasingly prominent in …

Departmentalized instruction, in which teachers specialize in one or more core subjects and
instruct multiple groups of students in a day, has become increasingly prominent in …

In China, education is an indispensable part of the growth of teenagers, and the results of
education are also the achievements that teenagers should achieve at this stage …

Most states responded to the onset of the pandemic by temporarily granting teachers
Emergency licenses. These licenses allowed teachers to work in classrooms without …