Metamorphosis, classically defined as a spectacular post-embryonic transition, is well
exemplified by the transformation of a tadpole into a frog. It implies the appearance of new …

The vertebrate hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA; or interrenal) axis plays pivotal roles
in animal development and in physiological and behavioral adaptation to environmental …

Life history theory seeks to explain the evolution of the major features of life cycles by
analyzing the ecological factors that shape age-specific schedules of growth, reproduction …

Understanding phenotypic diversity requires not only identification of selective factors that
favor origins of derived states, but also factors that favor retention of primitive states. Anurans …

Environments experienced by organisms during early development shape the character and
timing of developmental processes, leading to different probabilities of survival in the …

In adult vertebrates, glucocorticoids are thought to trigger transitions between life history
stages within breeding cycles. This review explores possible roles of glucocorticoids as …

The current review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and developmental roles of
thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in gene regulation and metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis …

The environment experienced by developing organisms can shape the timing and character
of developmental processes, generating different phenotypes from the same genotype, each …

In the present review, we synthesize information on the mechanisms of chronic copper (Cu)
toxicity using an adverse outcome pathway framework and identify three primary pathways …

Colonization of gut microbiomes during early life can shape metabolism and immunity of
adult animals. However, most data are derived from antibiotic‐treated or germ‐free …