Over the past decade, there has been an unprecedented international focus on improved
quality and availability of medical care, which has reignited interest in clinical automation …

Regulating the depth of hypnosis during surgery is one of the major objectives of an
anesthesia infusion system. Continuous administration of Propofol infusion during surgical …

Abstract Background and Objective: This paper addresses the use of proportional-integral-
derivative controllers for regulating the depth of hypnosis in anesthesia by using propofol …

In this paper we present the preliminary clinical results obtained with a PID control scheme
for propofol and remifentanil coadministration during general anesthesia. The bispectral …

In this paper we propose a methodology for a patient-individualized tuning of the parameters
of a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller that regulates the depth of hypnosis in …

In this paper, we present results with clinical data to enable a 2x2 input–output multivariable
patient model for hypnosis and analgesia. Nonlinear multi-drug interaction models are …

In this paper we propose a model-based scheme to control the depth of hypnosis in
anesthesia that uses the BIS signal as controlled variable. In particular, the control scheme …

In this study, the authors present robust tuning rules for an event‐based control architecture
for the automatic regulation of the depth of hypnosis in anaesthesia. The authors' control …

The problem of PID-controlled neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in closed-loop anesthesia is
considered. Contrary to the usual practice of designing PID-controllers for nonlinear systems …

This paper investigates the use of a recently developed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic
model for the design of a Proportional–Integral–Derivative controller for total intravenous …