or therapeutic medical strategies. However, the ESC Guidelines do not override in any way
whatsoever the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and …

The present document has been conceived as the European update to the American
College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/ESC 2006 Guidelines for …

The IOC RED-S consensus authors have reconvened to provide an update summary of the
interim scientific progress in the field of relative energy deficiency with the ultimate goal of …

A unique and highly versatile technique, stress echocardiography (SE) is increasingly
recognized for its utility in the evaluation of non-ischaemic heart disease. SE allows for …

The reported prevalence of low energy availability (LEA) in female and male track and field
athletes is between 18% and 58% with the highest prevalence among athletes in endurance …

Protecting the health of the athlete is a goal of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
The IOC convened an expert panel to update the 2005 IOC Consensus Statement on the …

The health, fitness and other advantages of youth sports participation are well recognised.
However, there are considerable challenges for all stakeholders involved—especially youth …

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) associated with athletic activity is a rare but devastating event.
Victims are usually young and apparently healthy, and while many of these deaths remain …

The Female Athlete Triad is a medical condition often observed in physically active girls and
women, and involves three components:(1) low energy availability with or without …

Background—The incidence and cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes is
debated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often reported as the most common cause …