Despite much progress in the understanding of pathogenesis and of management,
diarrhoeal illnesses remain one of the most important causes of global childhood mortality …

Whether vaccines are designed to prepare the immune system for the encounter with a
pathogen or with cancer, certain common challenges need to be faced, such as what …

Oral tolerance induction is a key feature of intestinal immunity, generating systemic
nonresponsiveness to ingested antigens. In this study, we report that orally applied soluble …

Mucosal epithelia comprise an extensive vulnerable barrier which is reinforced by numerous
innate defence mechanisms cooperating intimately with adaptive immunity. Local …

Most current immunization procedures make use of needles and syringes for vaccine
administration. With the increase in the number of immunizations that children around the …

Mucosal surfaces are a major portal of entry for many human pathogens that are the cause
of infectious diseases worldwide. Vaccines capable of eliciting mucosal immune responses …

Complexing TLR9 agonists such as plasmid DNA to cationic liposomes markedly
potentiates their ability to activate innate immunity. We therefore reasoned that liposomes …

Adaptive immunity mediated by secretory antibodies is important in the defence against
mucosal infections. Specific secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) can inhibit initial pathogen …

Worldwide, enteric infections rank third among all causes of disease burden, being
responsible for some 1.7–2.5 million deaths per year, mostly in young children and infants in …

Mucosal vaccination, capable of inducing protective immune responses both in the mucosal
and systemic immune compartments, has many advantages and is regarded as a blue …