We review evidence of determinants contributing to increased opioid-related mortality in the
United States and Canada between 1990 and 2013. We identified 17 determinants of opioid …

Opioid agonists are the most effective treatment for pain, but their use is limited by side
effects, tolerance and fears of addiction and dependence. A major goal of opioid research is …

Poisoning is the leading cause of injury death in the United States (1). Drugs both illicit and
pharmaceutical-are the major cause of poisoning deaths, accounting for 90% of poisoning …

BACKGROUND: Prescription opioids are the most frequently misused class of prescription
drugs amongst young adults. Initiation into prescription opioid misuse is an important public …

Objective: To provide the first multinational survey of temporal trends in testosterone
prescribing, given that anecdotal evidence indicates that it is increasing in some countries …

As the nontherapeutic use of prescription medications escalates, serious associated
consequences have also increased. This makes it essential to estimate misuse, abuse, and …

Background: Although awareness of the misuse of medicines is increasing, data on the
extent of the problem in the European Union (EU) are lacking. Methods: In order to assess …

PURPOSE: Studies have substantiated a relationship between drug use, depression, and
suicidality. However, little research has examined this relationship with prescription drugs …

Recent research into the use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in fitness and strength
training environments have revealed great variance in users' approach to AAS use and …

Objective: Although benzodiazepine misuse and use disorders are associated with adverse
health effects, it is unknown what proportion of benzodiazepine users misuse them or meet …