Knowing vaccine effectiveness (VE) against variants of concern (VOCs) in the real-world
setting is essential for public health decision-making. A systematic landscape of the VE …

Human diseases, particularly infectious diseases and cancers, pose unprecedented
challenges to public health security and the global economy. The development and …

Background Most studies of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 focus on circulating antibody, giving
limited insights into mucosal defences that prevent viral replication and onward …

Background Intranasal vaccination may induce protective local and systemic immune
responses against respiratory pathogens. A number of intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants
and “anatomical escape” characteristics threaten the effectiveness of current coronavirus …

Remarkable progress has been made in developing intramuscular vaccines against severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, they are limited with …

One of the most preferable characteristics for a COVID-19 vaccine candidate is the ability to
reduce transmission and infection of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to disease prevention. Unlike …

Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic
humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is …

With the accumulation of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and the continuous emergence of new
variants, the importance of developing safer and effective vaccines has become more …

Current available vaccines for COVID-19 are effective in reducing severe diseases and
deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection but less optimal in preventing infection. Next …