Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative and a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-
aspartate (NMDA) receptor for which glutamate is the full agonist. It produces a functional …

Introduction Ketamine is a pharmaceutical drug possessing both analgesic and anaesthetic
properties. As an anaesthetic, it induces anaesthesia by producing analgesia with a state of …

This paper presents, for the first time, community-wide estimation of drug and
pharmaceuticals consumption in England using wastewater analysis and a large number of …

Ketamine was originally synthesised for use as a dissociative anaesthetic, and it remains
widely used legitimately for this indication. However, there is increasing evidence of non …

Background: Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative with dissociative anaesthetic properties.
Increasing numbers of individuals in England take ketamine recreationally. Information on …

Wastewater analysis was applied in a four-year monitoring study to assess temporal and
spatial patterns of ketamine and mephedrone use in the general population in Italy …

Aims Ketamine is a general anesthetic. Dissociative effects and low cost led ketamine
becoming an illegal recreational drug in young adults. Ketamine‐induced uropathy (KIU) is …

Recreational abuse of ketamine has been associated with the emergence of a new bladder
pain syndrome, ketamine-induced cystitis, characterized by chronic inflammation and …

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is a commonly used technique for
analysis of various samples. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and efficient …

The rate of drug excretion (excretion factor) is a critical parameter for monitoring drug
consumption in the population by wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Previous studies …