The fluent use of the chemical language is a major tool for successfully passing chemistry
courses at school or university as well as for working as a chemist, since chemical formulae …

The difficulties encountered by students in learning chemistry range from human factors to
the intrinsic nature of chemistry. To enhance students' understanding of chemistry, there is a …

The features of a concept or principle an individual chooses to highlight in an explanation or
description may be related to the medium of communication used. Different aspects of …

In this quantitative study, a shortened version of the Attitude toward the Subject of Chemistry
Inventory (ASCI) created by Bauer (2008) was used to identify the chemistry attitudes of two …

That different levels of representation are important for complete understanding of chemistry
is an accepted fact in the chemistry education community. This study sought to uncover …

This manuscript describes the relationship between students' redox understandings and
confidence as measured by the Redox Concept Inventory (ROXCI) which assesses symbolic …

There have been several recognizable periods of science curriculum reform in the United
States since the middle of the 19th century. The first were the efforts by mid-to late 19th …

En este trabajo se analiza la evolución de los modelos explicativos de alumnos de 3. º de
ESO (grado 9) en torno al cambio químico, a lo largo de una propuesta didáctica en la que …

This paper proposes a model-based notion of 'submicro representations of chemical
reactions'. Based on three structural models of matter (the simple particle model, the atomic …

This study sought to uncover memorized algorithms and procedures that students relied on
in responding to questions based on the particulate nature of matter (PNM). We describe …