Toxic metals, including excessive levels of essential metals tend to change biological
structures and systems into either reversible or irreversible conformations, leading to the …

Nickel (Ni) metal and Ni compounds are widely used in applications like stainless steel,
alloys, and batteries. Nickel is a naturally occurring element in water, soil, air, and living …

Chronic exposures to heavy metals via tobacco smoking and professional exposure may
increase the risk of head and neck cancer, although the epidemiologic evidence is limited by …

Increased lung and nasal cancer risks have been reported in several cohorts of nickel
refinery workers, but in more than 90% of the nickel-exposed workers that have been …

Background Nickel, chromium VI, and cadmium have been identified as lung carcinogens in
highly exposed cohorts. The purpose of this study was to examine the etiological link …

The inhalation of dust containing certain nickel compounds has been associated with an
increased risk of lung and nasal cancers in occupational studies of workers who process or …

The inhalation of nickel-containing dust has been associated with an increased risk of
respiratory cancer in workplaces that process and refine sulfidic nickel mattes, where …

Human studies prior to 1990 have shown an association between respiratory cancer and
exposure to some nickel compounds, but not to metallic nickel. Numerous reviews have …

IARC is reassessing the human carcinogenicity of nickel compounds in 2009. To address
the inconsistencies among results from studies of water-soluble nickel compounds, we …

Background Nickel and chromium‐VI compounds are carcinogens for lung cancer, although
it is still debated if there is an increased risk at low levels of exposure and for other cancers …