Investigating cyber conflict is enormously difficult. The domain is complex, quality data are
sparse, international affairs are shrouded in secrecy, and despite its seeming ubiquity, cyber …

When it comes to cybersecurity incidents–public opinion matters. But how do voters form
opinions in the aftermath of cyberattacks that are shrouded in ambiguity? How do people …

• The merits of cyber operations continue to be their utility as a tool of political warfare
because they facilitate an engagement short of war that leverages covert action …

Prior to the onset of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, experts predicted an extensive cyber
conflict. However, to date the scale of known cyberattacks has been quite modest. Pundits …

Pundits debate whether conflict in cyberspace is more likely to trigger or preempt conflict in
other domains. We consider a third possibility. Rather than directly complementing or …

In what ways are Artificial Intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, and traditional military conflict are
connected? I examine how AI affects the relationship between cyber and military operations …

On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a 'special military operation'against Ukraine,
sparking the largest conflict in Europe since the Second World War. The war is a remarkable …

Global politics in the twenty-first century is complicated by dense economic
interdependence, rapid technological innovation, and fierce security competition. How …

There has been substantial commentary on the role of cyberattacks and civilian hacktivists in
the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Drawing on a range of data sources, we argue that the widely …

There has been substantial commentary on the role of cyberattacks carried out by low-level
cybercrime actors in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. We analyse 358k website defacement …