Drug lag, recently discussed extensively in Japan, can be divided into two phases: clinical
development time and application review time. The former factor is still an important problem …

Despite the marked advances in drug therapy, some patients do not respond favorably or
suffer severe adverse drug effects. Pharmacogenetic studies have shown that …

Ethnicity is one factor that may account for the observed differences in both
pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of drugs, resulting in variability in …

The human solute carrier (SLC) superfamily of transporters is comprised of over 400
membrane-bound proteins, and plays essential roles in a multitude of physiological and …

Objectives SN-38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, is detoxified by glucuronidation with
UGT1A isoforms, 1A1, 1A7, 1A9, and 1A10. The pharmacogenetic information on UGT1A …

The advent of high‐throughput technologies has proven valuable in the assessment of
genetic differences and their effects on drug activation, metabolism, disposition, and …

The current 'fixed-dosage strategy'approach to medicine, means there is much inter-
individual variation in drug response. Pharmacogenetics is the study of how inter-individual …

Mutations in the UGT1A1 gene have been implicated in Gilbert syndrome, which shows mild
hyperbilirubinemia, and a more aggressive childhood subtype, Crigler–Najjar syndrome. To …

The anticancer agent irinotecan (CPT-11) is converted to SN-38, which is approximately 100
to 1000-fold more cytotoxic than the parent drug. The pharmacokinetics of irinotecan are …

The uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) belong to a superfamily of enzymes
that catalyse the glucuronidation of numerous endobiotics and xenobiotics. Several human …