Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used to provide illumination in industrial and
commercial environments. LEDs are also used in TVs, computers, smart phones, and …

Light has profoundly influenced the evolution of life on earth. As widely appreciated, light
enables us to generate images of our environment. However, light—through intrinsically …

The mammalian visual system encodes information over a remarkable breadth of
spatiotemporal scales and light intensities. This performance originates with its complement …

Light around twilight provides the primary entrainment signal for circadian rhythms. Here we
review the mechanisms and responses of the mouse and human circadian systems to light …

For decades, rods and cones were thought to be the only photoreceptors in the mammalian
retina. However, a population of atypical photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) …

Light exerts a wide range of effects on mammalian physiology and behavior. As well as
synchronizing circadian rhythms to the external environment, light has been shown to …

Currently, in developed countries, nights are excessively illuminated (light at night), whereas
daytime is mainly spent indoors, and thus people are exposed to much lower light intensities …

The central noradrenergic neurone, like the peripheral sympathetic neurone, is
characterized by a diffusely arborizing terminal axonal network. The central neurones …

Light exerts widespread effects on physiology and behaviour. As well as the widely-
appreciated role of light in vision, light also plays a critical role in many non-visual …

Light in the short wavelength range (blue light: 446–483 nm) elicits direct effects on human
melatonin secretion, alertness and cognitive performance via non‐image‐forming …