Cardiovascular disease in women remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Recent
studies suggest that this is caused, at least in part, by the lack of sex-specific diagnostic …

Biological sex is an important modifier of physiology and influences pathobiology in many
diseases. While heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide in both men and …

Myocardial diseases are associated with an increased risk of potentially fatal cardiac
arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death/cardiac arrest during exercise, including hypertrophic …

Athletic training is associated with a spectrum of morphologic and functional cardiac
adaptations known as 'the athlete's heart'. 1, 2 To the purpose of the present document an …

Exercise elicits coordinated multi-organ responses including skeletal muscle, vasculature,
heart, and lung. In the short term, the output of the heart increases to meet the demand of …

The role of the sports cardiologist has evolved into an essential component of the medical
care of athletes. In addition to the improvement in health outcomes caused by reductions in …

Abstract Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global morbidity and
mortality, and low levels of physical activity (PA) is a leading independent predictor of poor …

The benefits of exercise for cardiovascular and general health are many. However, sudden
cardiac death (SCD) may occur in apparently healthy athletes who perform at the highest …

CA (Competitive athlete (s)), CMR (Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), CTA (Computed
tomography angiography), CVD (Cardiovascular disease), EICR (Exercise-induced cardiac …

Regular exercise promotes structural, functional, and electrical remodeling of the heart, often
referred to as the “athlete's heart,” with intense endurance sports being associated with the …